Beetle activity deep inside wood was studied in field (Mt.Yoshida, Kyoto) and laboratory conditions by monitoring the type and amount of frass ejected from beetle galleries of Platypus quercivorus.Twenty-one galleries were selected from five infested Quercus serrata trees for field studies.In the laboratory, frass production was monitored for three
The approach of World Trade Organisation towards energy has been subject of many debates.One of the important issues is whether member States are obliged to free the energy transportation via pipeline or not.Logically, the mentioned freedom is conceivable in two forms, i.e.third party access and capacity establishment.Amongst the main documents of
Sinai Peninsula was delineated to 62 hydrological catchments using WMS and GIS tools.Thirty geo-morphometric parameters were calculated for each catchment.Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the important parameters namely Factor analysis (FA), Cluster Analysis (CA), and Regression Analysis (RA).FA resulted in the exclusion of some fac
Abstract When prey alter behavioral or morphological traits to reduce predation risk, they often incur fitness costs through reduced growth and reproduction as well as increased mortality that are known as nonconsumptive effects (NCEs).Environmental context and trophic structure can individually alter the strength of NCEs, yet the interactive influ
This phenomenological study ascertained the plight and aspirations of young criminologists who were engaged in teaching practice.Two research questions were answered: (1) What is the plight of young criminologists in the teaching practice; and (2) What are the aspirations of young criminologists in the teaching practice? It involved ten research in